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Over the past three decades, the Australian Government has led the coordination and implementation of strategic policies that aim to manage natural resources sustainably. Strategic policies typically seek to manage the consumptive...
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Over the past three decades, the Australian Government has led the coordination and implementation of strategic policies that aim to manage natural resources sustainably. Strategic policies typically seek to manage the consumptive use of natural resources to improve a range of environmental variables. This article focuses on strategic policies which operate under national arrangements where the Australian Government has limited direct constitutional powers to regulate natural resource use, so resorts to indirect measures and financial incentives. While the extent to which such policies give effect to sustainable development principles is debatable, as is their appropriateness for achieving environmental gains, a number of strategic natural resource management policies have persisted in the national policy domain. These present opportunities for understanding good-practice policy-making for managing natural resources sustainably, and an evaluative framework is presented to this effect. Relevant inter-relationships and complexities for policy design and implementation are revealed with the intent of stimulating further enquiries and analyses of strategic NRM policies in the context of Australia's federal system.
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Coastal Natural Resources Management (NRM) is a distinct sector in Australia with a focus on biodiversity conservation. It is a sector worthy of scrutiny because coastal and marine environments are arguably more complex and dynami...
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Coastal Natural Resources Management (NRM) is a distinct sector in Australia with a focus on biodiversity conservation. It is a sector worthy of scrutiny because coastal and marine environments are arguably more complex and dynamic than their terrestrial counterparts thus creating more diverse challenges for managers. Land tenure at the coast in Australia also sets these environments apart and has direct implications for NRM governance, including reliance on a volunteer workforce. Numerous politically driven federal policy and funding cycles have shaped what has become Australia's current NRM system. It is argued that over time the coastal sector has become increasingly marginalised through these cycles. Here we concentrate on the devolved governance framework established in the mid-2000s as the federal government's 'regional delivery' model. While NRM policy has since re-centralised and shifted focus, regions and their administration have endured and are significant entities but have received little recent attention. This paper presents a brief history of NRM in Australia including the emergence of state NRM architecture and an update of the status of coastal NRM regions. We use a sample of ten NRM regions selected based on coastline length to land area ratios and affluence attri-butes. The prominence of coasts is considered through three pillars essential to the NRM system: Boards of Management; strategic planning, and support for the volunteer community. While a regional NRM framework is in place, the prominence of coastal and marine environments is questionable in relation to Boards of Manage-ment expertise. This has implications for strategic planning. The interrogation of plans suggests that overall, the focus of stakeholders is not primarily on conservation of coastal assets and the past levels of support for coastal volunteers is a but shadow of previous programs. A set of national guidelines or principles to integrate coastal and marine priorities in NRM planning cycles offer one mechanism to amend this situation along with a rein-vigoration of a community support program.
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Utilization of natural assets to the best efficient level without changing natural balance has become a critical issue for researchers as awareness on climate change takes central position in global debate. Conventional sustainabl...
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Utilization of natural assets to the best efficient level without changing natural balance has become a critical issue for researchers as awareness on climate change takes central position in global debate. Conventional sustainable resource management systems are based on neoclassical economic approach that ignores the nature's pattern and therefore are not actually capable of sustainable management of resources. Environmentalists are lately advocating incorporation of Permaculture as holistic approach based on ethics, equitable interaction with eco-systems to obtain sustainability. The paper integrates philosophy of permaculture with strategic management frameworks to develop a pragmatic tool for policy development. The policy design tool augments management tasks by integrating recording of natural assets, monitoring of key performance indicators and integration of sectorial policies in real time, bringing out policy as a truly live document. The tool enhances the edifice process, balancing short term viewpoints and long term development to secure renewability of natural resources.
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Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) and policy environmental assessment (PEA), the term used to describe the application of SEA at the policy level, are widely accepted as means of including environmental concerns in decision...
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Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) and policy environmental assessment (PEA), the term used to describe the application of SEA at the policy level, are widely accepted as means of including environmental concerns in decision-making. This paper develops and tests a checklist for assessing policies with a biodiversity focus, drawing on principles from PEA and biodiversity conservation. The development and testing of such a checklist has been rarely reported in the literature. The checklist was applied to five natural resource management policies in Western Australia and the 19 policy workers involved in the study were then asked to reflect on the checklist's usefulness. A key finding was that the checklist allowed policy workers to report against PEA and biodiversity conservation principles. Another was that when the assessed policies were closely aligned with rational decision-making, the checklist proved to be reproducible (a desirable attribute), and easy to use. Lastly the context within which the policies were developed strongly influenced how policy workers responded to the checklist.
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摘要 :
Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) and policy environmental assessment (PEA), the term used to describe the application of SEA at the policy level, are widely accepted as means of including environmental concerns in decision...
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Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) and policy environmental assessment (PEA), the term used to describe the application of SEA at the policy level, are widely accepted as means of including environmental concerns in decision-making. This paper develops and tests a checklist for assessing policies with a biodiversity focus, drawing on principles from PEA and biodiversity conservation. The development and testing of such a checklist has been rarely reported in the literature. The checklist was applied to five natural resource management policies in Western Australia and the 19 policy workers involved in the study were then asked to reflect on the checklist's usefulness. A key finding was that the checklist allowed policy workers to report against PEA and biodiversity conservation principles. Another was that when the assessed policies were closely aligned with rational decision-making, the checklist proved to be reproducible (a desirable attribute), and easy to use. Lastly the context within which the policies were developed strongly influenced how policy workers responded to the checklist.
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A critical challenge faced by sustainability science is to develop strategies to cope with highly uncertain social and ecological dynamics. This article explores the use of the robust control framework toward this end. After brief...
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A critical challenge faced by sustainability science is to develop strategies to cope with highly uncertain social and ecological dynamics. This article explores the use of the robust control framework toward this end. After briefly outlining the robust control framework, we apply it to the traditional Gordon-Schaefer fishery model to explore fundamental performance-robustness and robustness-vulnerability trade-offs in natural resource management. We find that the classic optimal control policy can be very sensitive to parametric uncertainty. By exploring a large class of alternative strategies, we show that there are no panaceas: even mild robustness properties are difficult to achieve, and increasing robustness to some parameters (e.g., biological parameters) results in decreased robustness with respect to others (e.g., economic parameters). On the basis of this example, we extract some broader themes for better management of resources under uncertainty and for sustainability science in general. Specifically, we focus attention on the importance of a continual learning process and the use of robust control to inform this process.
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Strategy scholars have long studied the strategic implications of firm-specific human capital but have almost completely ignored their conceptual dual: firm-specific worker incentives. This paper proposes that firm-level incentive...
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Strategy scholars have long studied the strategic implications of firm-specific human capital but have almost completely ignored their conceptual dual: firm-specific worker incentives. This paper proposes that firm-level incentives can also vary in firm specificity, and accordingly, firm-specific incentives may help to explain advantages independent of the firm specificity of human capital. Results from a proprietary data set, including data from 284 software development firms and matched employee-level compensation data for 8,208 software developers in 99 of those firms, suggest that firms with higher firm specificity in their incentive bundles may have lower dysfunctional employee turnover rates as well as lower wage-tenure slopes. In other words, these firms may lose fewer employees who they would prefer to keep and may be able to do so while still offering lower wage increases over time than their competitors in the labor market. Thus, firm-specific incentives may provide a viable alternative pathway to human capital-based competitive advantages.
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Research by agricultural economists on natural resources has been distinguished by an interdisciplinary emphasis and a dynamic perspective. It has recognized technological and institutional constraints, has been oriented toward so...
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Research by agricultural economists on natural resources has been distinguished by an interdisciplinary emphasis and a dynamic perspective. It has recognized technological and institutional constraints, has been oriented toward solving concrete resource management and policy problems, and has emphasized empirical and quantitative analysis. Agricultural economists have introduced methods for evaluating natural resource conservation efforts, for predicting adoption of resource conservation technologies, and for designing efficient and sustainable resource management policies. They have identified ways of improving land management and preventing land degradation, proposed reforms of institutions governing water allocation and water quality, and introduced policies for balancing environmental and efficiency considerations in the management of pests, biodiversity, and livestock diseases. Their research has had substantial impacts on the formulation of resource conservation policies.
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To maximize the utility of research to decisionmaking, especially given limited financial resources, scientists must set priorities for their efforts. We present a list of the top 40 high-priority, multidisciplinary research quest...
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To maximize the utility of research to decisionmaking, especially given limited financial resources, scientists must set priorities for their efforts. We present a list of the top 40 high-priority, multidisciplinary research questions directed toward informing some of the most important current and future decisions about management of species, communities, and ecological processes in the United States. The questions were generated by an open, inclusive process that included personal interviews With decisionmakers, broad solicitation of research needs from scientists and policymakers, and an intensive workshop that included scientifically oriented individuals responsible for managing and developing policy related to natural resources. The process differed from previous efforts to set priorities for conservation research in its focus on the engagement of decisionmakers in addition to researchers. The research priorities emphasized the importance of addressing societal context and exploration of trade-offs among alternative policies and actions, as well as more traditional questions related to ecological processes and functions.
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Policy is an enunciation of the set principles to achieve the desired goals. The Government of Himachal Pradesh (India) has developed the Forest Sector Policy and Strategy, 2005 in consonance with the Government of India policy gu...
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Policy is an enunciation of the set principles to achieve the desired goals. The Government of Himachal Pradesh (India) has developed the Forest Sector Policy and Strategy, 2005 in consonance with the Government of India policy guidelines and by making important amendments to the previous Himachal Pradesh Forest Policy of 1980. This policy has been developed through a multi-stakeholder consultation process by the Policy Analysis and Planning Unit set up under the Himachal Pradesh Forest Sector Reforms Project. This process is a model for policy development in the State. The endeavour of the Forest Sector Policy is to achieve the vision of the Himachal Pradesh Government which aims to harmonize the relations between the people and the environment. The policy seeks to address the aspirations of the people by making forestry a vibrant sector contributing towards livelihood enhancement of forest dependent communities through the departments working on natural resource management.
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